博雅教育5×5倡議：Huimin's blog 惠敏法師部落格

Rahula, Walpola (2007). What the Buddha Taught《佛陀的啟示》: Revised and Expanded Edition with Texts from Suttas and Dhammapada . Grove/Atlantic, Inc.. Kindle Edition.

• Then there is a form of ‘meditation’ on ethical, spiritual and intellectual subjects. 另外，還有一種對於倫理、心靈與理性方面問題的修習。
  • All our studies, reading, discussions, conversation and deliberations on such subjects are included in this ‘meditation’. To read this book, and to think deeply about the subjects discussed in it, is a form of meditation. We have seen earlier1 that the conversation between Khemaka and the group of monks was a form of meditation which led to the realization of Nirvāṇa.
    • 我們對這類課題所作的一切研究、閱讀、商討、談論、思索，都包括在這類修習之內。閱讀本書並對書內所討論的題目作深刻的思考，都是一種修習。 在前面，我們已經看到差摩迦與一群比丘的一席話曾導致全體共證涅槃。這也是一種修習。
• So, according to this form of meditation, you may study, think, and deliberate on the ^^Five Hindrances^^ (Nīvaraṇa), namely:
  • 1. lustful desires (kāmacchanda), 2. ill-will, hatred or anger (vyāpāda), 3. torpor and languor (thīna-middha), 4. restlessness and worry (uddhacca-kukkucca), 5. sceptical doubts (vicikicchā).
    • 因此，用這一種的修習方法，你可以研究、思量、審度下列的五蓋： （一）貪欲，（二）瞋恚，（三）睡眠，（四）掉悔，（五）疑法。
  • These five are considered as hindrances to any kind of clear understanding, as a matter of fact, to any kind of progress. When one is over-powered by them and when one does not know how to get rid of them, then one cannot understand right and wrong, or good and bad.
    • 這五蓋就是防礙任何明覺，事實上也就是防礙任何進步的五種障礙。 一個人如果被這五蓋所覆蔽而不知怎樣去袪除它們，他就不能分辨是非善惡。
• One may also ‘meditate’ on the ^^Seven Factors of Enlightenment^^ (Bojjbaṅga).
  • They are: 1. Mindfulness (sati), i.e., to be aware and mindful in all activities and movements both physical and mental, as we discussed above. 2. Investigation and research into the various problems of doctrine (dhamma-vicaya). Included here are all our religious, ethical and philosophical studies, reading, researches, discussions, conversation, even attending lectures relating to such doctrinal subjects. 3. Energy (viriya), to work with determination till the end. 4. Joy (pīti), the quality quite contrary to the pessimistic, gloomy or melancholic attitude of mind.
  • 5. Relaxation (passaddhi) of both body and mind. One should not be stiff physically or mentally.
  • 6. Concentration (samādhi), as discussed above.
  • 7. Equanimity (upekkhā), i.e., to be able to face life in all its vicissitudes with calm of mind, tranquillity, without disturbance.
    • 你也可以修習七覺支，就是：
    • （一）念覺支：無論在從事精神或肉體活動的時候，隨時保持念念分明，如前文所述。
    • （二）擇法覺支：鑽研探究各種有關教義的問題。這包括一切宗教、倫理、以及哲學的學習、閱讀、研究、討論、交談、和參加有關教義的專題演講等。
    • （三）精進覺支：以堅定的決心，努力不懈，以底於成。
    • （四）喜覺支：與消極、憂鬱、悲愁、適正相反的心裡狀態。
    • （五）輕安覺支：身心的鬆弛，勿令身心僵硬呆滯。
    • （六）定覺支：前文已論及。
    • （七）行捨覺支：以寧靜安詳、不懼不亂的心情，應付人生一切變故。
• To cultivate these qualities the most essential thing is a genuine ^^wish, will, or inclination^^. 要培育這些德性，最重要的事，是要有一個真正的誓願，立定一個百折不撓的志向。
  • Many other material and spiritual conditions conducive to the development of each quality are described in the texts.
    • 至於發展上述每一種品性所必須具備的物質以及精神條件，本書中另有敘述。
• One may also ‘meditate’ on such subjects as the ^^Five Aggregates^^ investigating the question ‘What is a being?’ or ‘What is it that is called I?’,
  • 你也可以用五蘊做修習的題目，如參究「何為眾生？」「叫做我的是什麼？」等問題。
• or on the ^^Four Noble Truths^^, as we discussed above. Study and investigation of those subjects constitute this fourth form of meditation, which leads to the realization of Ultimate Truth.
  • 也可以用四諦，如前文所論。參究這些問題，就構成第四種的修習方法（即法念住），以導致最高真理的親證。